Acute Cholecystitis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Acute Cholecystitis?

Acute cholecystitis is a sudden swelling and irritation of the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small organ under your liver. It stores bile, which helps digest fat. When the gallbladder becomes inflamed, it can cause severe pain and other symptoms. Often, this condition needs quick medical care. According to the CDC, gallbladder problems are common and can affect people of all ages. However, adults are more likely to get acute cholecystitis.

Common Symptoms

Acute cholecystitis symptoms can appear suddenly. Early treatment helps prevent serious problems. Watch for these signs:

Sharp pain in the upper right side of the belly

Pain that may spread to the right shoulder or back

Fever or chills

Nausea or vomiting

Feeling bloated

Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)

Sometimes, the pain gets worse after eating fatty foods. If you notice these symptoms, seek help right away.

Causes and Risk Factors

Most cases of acute cholecystitis happen when a gallstone blocks the tube leading out of the gallbladder. This blockage causes bile to build up, leading to inflammation. But, there are other causes too. For example, infections or injuries can also trigger this condition.

Some risk factors include:

Being overweight

Eating a high-fat diet

Being female (especially over age 40)

Pregnancy

Having diabetes

Rapid weight loss

Knowing these risks can help you make healthy choices.

How Acute Cholecystitis is Diagnosed

Doctors use several steps to find out if you have acute cholecystitis. First, they ask about your symptoms and do a physical exam. Next, they may order tests to confirm the diagnosis. For example, these tests can include:

Blood tests to check for infection or liver problems

Ultrasound of the belly to look for gallstones or swelling

CT scan or MRI for a clearer picture of the gallbladder

HIDA scan to see how well the gallbladder works

Early diagnosis is important. It helps prevent serious complications. If you wonder how is acute cholecystitis diagnosed, these are the main steps.

Treatment Options

Treatment for acute cholecystitis depends on how severe the problem is. In most cases, a hospital stay is needed. Doctors may start with:

Not eating or drinking for a while to rest the gallbladder

Fluids and nutrition through a vein (IV)

Antibiotics to treat infection

Pain medicine

Sometimes, surgery is needed to remove the gallbladder. This is called a cholecystectomy. Most people recover well after surgery. If you need acute cholecystitis treatment in your area, ask your doctor about the best options.

Prevention Tips

While not all cases can be prevented, you can lower your risk. Try these tips:

Eat a healthy, balanced diet

Maintain a healthy weight

Exercise regularly

Avoid rapid weight loss

Limit fatty and fried foods

Making small changes can help protect your gallbladder.

When to See a Doctor

If you have sudden, severe belly pain, do not wait. Seek medical help right away. Also, if you have fever, chills, or yellow skin, call your doctor. Early treatment can prevent serious problems. Remember, acute cholecystitis is a medical emergency. Quick care can save your health.

If you suspect acute cholecystitis, consult Dr. Saliya Dharmayath at Citi Hospital for personalized advice.